Screening of Methanolic leaves extract of Sesbania sesban against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain ATCC 4151

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global health threat, with the emergence of drug-resistant strains necessitating the discovery of novel antimycobacterial agents. This study investigated the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of methanolic leaves extract of Sesbania sesban against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain ATCC 4151. Phytochemical analysis result of the plant indicates the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids carbohydrates and terpenoids. Acute toxicity evaluation revealed that the plant extract was relatively nontoxic, with LD50 values greater than 5000mg/kg. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 4151) was confirmed using Line Probe Assay (LPA) which indicates that, the strain was susceptible to rifampicin and isoniazid. The extract was screened using Rapid Chromatographic Immuno Assay (Rapid TB Ag MPT64). The results showed that S. sesban exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 mg. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extract at these concentrations (400mg, 200mg, 100mg, 50mg, 25mg, 12.5mg and 6.25mg) were found to have inhibited the growth of this Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain ATCC (4151) completely. These findings suggest that S. sesban may be potential sources of novel antimycobacterial compounds, warranting further investigation.

Keywords: Sesbania sesban, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain ATCC 4151, Antimycobacterial agents, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)