Exploring the Free Radical scavenging potential of methanol stem bark extract from Acacia Polyacantha

Abstract

This study investigates the antioxidant potential of methanol stem bark extract from Acacia polyacantha, a plant known for its traditional medicinal uses. Using well-established in vitro assays, we examined the extract’s ability to combat oxidative stress through multiple biochemical approaches. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, results showed a clear concentration-dependent response where higher doses of the extract led to markedly increased free radical neutralisation. This suggests that the phytochemicals present have strong electron-donating properties, a key factor in antioxidant activity. Ferric reducing antioxidant capacity tests revealed a nuanced pattern: while the extract outperformed the standard antioxidant at 50 mg and 200 mg concentrations, it was less effective at 25 mg and 100 mg. These fluctuations hint at optimal dose ranges for redox-active behaviour.

Additionally, we measured the extract's levels of vital antioxidant vitamins, where vitamin C (32.41 ± 2.12 mg/g), vitamin E (0.46 ± 0.01 mg/g), and vitamin A (0.19 ± 0.11 mg/g). All exceeded typical reference values,emphasisingg the extract’s potential as a rich source of protective nutrients. These vitamins are widely known for their role inneutralisingg reactive oxygen species and preserving cellular health. Altogether, the findings indicate that Acacia polyacantha stem bark extract exhibits strong antioxidant activity through several mechanisms. Its ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce ferric ions, and supply essential vitamins presents a compelling case for its use in preventing or managing disorders linked to oxidative stress, such as heart disease, neurodegenerative conditions, and certain cancers. To deepen understanding, further studies, especially in vivo investigations and detailed phytochemical profiling are recommended to confirm and expand on these promising results