Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity

Abstract

This study explores the key risk factors associated with childhood obesity among primary school pupils aged 5 to 10 years in Kogi State, Nigeria. Utilizing a sample of 1,000 pupils selected through a multi-stage sampling approach, the research combined anthropometric measurements and structured questionnaires to assess physical activity and dietary habits. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Lasso regressions were employed to identify and evaluate predictors of obesity. The identified risk factors included weight, height, BMI category, physical activity level, and diet type, all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.00001). These findings highlighted the critical influence of both biological and behavioral factors on childhood obesity. Physical inactivity and poor dietary patterns were strongly associated with higher obesity risk, suggesting that lifestyle habits play a significant role in shaping children's weight outcomes. In contrast, age and gender were not found to be significant predictors, likely due to the narrow age range of the study population. These findings recommended the need for targeted interventions focusing on modifiable risk factors. Programs promoting physical activity, improved dietary practices, and parental education could play a vital role in reducing childhood obesity.

Keywords: Childhood obesity, risk factors, physical activity, dietary habits,  body mass index (BMI)