Achieving Over 26% Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells using SCAPS-1D Simulation of Interface and Structural Optimization

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive simulation of perovskite solar cell (PSC) using SCAPS-1D software, aimed at optimizing device performance through systematic variation of structural and material parameters. The simulated device architecture consists of Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) as the transparent conducting oxide, Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) as the electron transport material (ETM), a perovskite absorber layer, and Copper(I) Oxide (Cu₂O) as the hole transport layer (HTL). The thicknesses of the FTO, ETM, absorber, and HTL layers were varied to analyze their effects on photovoltaic performance metrics. In addition, the effects of different metal back contacts with varying work functions and the influence of doping concentration in the ETM layer were investigated. The optimized device configuration demonstrated superior photovoltaic performance, attaining an open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 1.3234 V, a short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 24.0466 mA/cm², a fill factor (FF) of 84.5514%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.9081%. These results emphasize the critical role of structural optimization and interface engineering in enhancing PSC performance and offer valuable insights for the development of high-efficiency perovskite-based solar devices.