Biopesticide: The Use of Microbial Protection Against Pests of Crops

Abstract

Crop pests continue to pose a major threat to food security, particularly in developing nations, leading to significant yield losses and economic setbacks. Traditional reliance on synthetic pesticides has been effective but comes with serious drawbacks, including environmental pollution, human health hazards, and the development of resistant pest species. In contrast, microbial biopesticides derived from organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and nematodes offer highly specific, eco-friendly, and biodegradable pest control solutions. This research was aimed to explore the use of microbial protection against pests of crops using biopesticide. The increasing relevance of microbial biopesticides as sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides in modern agriculture. They act through unique biological mechanisms such as toxin production, infection, and disruption of pest development, while maintaining minimal impact on non-target organisms. Despite challenges like slow action, limited shelf life, and regulatory barriers, advancements in biotechnology and integrated pest management have enhanced the performance and acceptance of microbial agents. As global agriculture shifts toward sustainability, microbial biopesticides are becoming essential components of pest management strategies that align with environmental safety and food production.

Keywords: Biopesticide, Pests, Crops, Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa, Nematodes